{"id":8966,"date":"2021-06-13T19:04:56","date_gmt":"2021-06-13T12:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=8966"},"modified":"2025-03-15T16:26:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-15T09:26:41","slug":"defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Blockchain_Layer_2_la_gi\" >Blockchain Layer 2 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Su_can_thiet_cua_Layer_2\" >S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Layer 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Blockchain_Layer_2_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >Blockchain Layer 2 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Kenh_thanh_toan\" >K\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Rollups\" >Rollups<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Thuc_thi_off-chain\" >Th\u1ef1c thi off-chain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Giao_dich_hang_loat\" >Giao d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#It_nguoi_xac_thuc_hon\" >\u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Bao_mat_Layer_2_Tam_quan_trong_cua_bang_chung_proof\" >B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt Layer 2: T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng (proof)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Tin_nhan_da_ky_tren_kenh_thanh_toan\" >Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd tr\u00ean k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Optimistic_Rollup_Fault_Proofs\" >Optimistic Rollup Fault Proofs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Validity_Proofs_ZK-Rollup\" >Validity Proofs ZK-Rollup<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Mo_rong_quy_mo_Blockchain\" >M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 Blockchain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Cac_giai_phap_mo_rong_chinh_tren_Layer-2_cua_Ethereum\" >C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean Layer-2 c\u1ee7a Ethereum<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#State_Channel\" >State Channel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Plasma\" >Plasma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Validium\" >Validium<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#Rollup\" >Rollup<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockchain_Layer_2_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain Layer 2 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean blockchain (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/layer-1-la-gi-va-tim-hieu-cac-giai-phap-mo-rong-tren-blockchain-layer-1\/\">Layer 1<\/a>) gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Layer 2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 blockchain n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Layer 2, m\u1ea1ng\/h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Blockchain m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ng blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c n\u00fat ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: sidechain th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Layer 2 v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Blockchain hy sinh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n, Layer 2 cho ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Layer 2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c thi nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26275\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26275\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26275\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.png\" alt=\"Blockchain Layer 2\" width=\"900\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-150x90.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-450x270.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26275\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Layer 2, m\u1ea1ng\/h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Blockchain m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_can_thiet_cua_Layer_2\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Layer 2<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed cao v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eadm, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Blockchain tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Ethereum<\/span><b> Vitalik Buterin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra Blockchain kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef cho m\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba an to\u00e0n v\u1eeba phi t\u1eadp trung. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ba t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u2013 m\u1ea1ng blockchain ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hai trong ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Blockchain do \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi Blockchain \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 03 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: th\u1ef1c thi, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Th\u1ef1c thi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (trong \u0111\u00f3 giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con) m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y m\u00e0 blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 megabyte, gigabyte&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26276\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26276\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26276\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1.png\" alt=\"Blockchain Layer 2\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1.png 1600w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1-150x84.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1-450x253.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-1-1200x675.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26276\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Layer 2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Blockchain do \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockchain_Layer_2_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain Layer 2 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: <\/span><b><i>M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e0 <\/span><b><i>h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Layer 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain Layer 2 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Layer 2 l\u00e0 khi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/tag\/layer-2\/\">Layer 2<\/a> ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u201d m\u1eadt m\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Layer 2, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh lu\u00f4n l\u00e0:<\/span><i><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang Layer 2<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng USDyer 2 t\u1ea1o ra, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u00f3, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t giao d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hay \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u00f3a hai \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y 02 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai Layer 2 hi\u1ec7n nay &#8211; k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kenh_thanh_toan\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n Token tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i off-chain gi\u1eefa hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho thanh kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0o k\u00eanh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alice v\u00e0 Bob t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd (th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1eef k\u00fd m\u1eadt m\u00e3) m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a 50 USD v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 100 USD, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 50 USD cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, Alice v\u00e0 Bob c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do giao d\u1ecbch off-chain th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi giao d\u1ecbch t\u1edbi Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Alice c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho Bob v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ph\u00ed. Khi giao ti\u1ebfp qua k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n hai chi\u1ec1u, giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Alice v\u00e0 Bob kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng l\u00ean blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00eanh th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Bob v\u00e0 Alice ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thanh to\u00e1n cho hai giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n. Khi k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n m\u1edf, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ngang h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rollups\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rollups<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimistic v\u00e0 Zero-Knowledge Rollups cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh off-chain v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00fang on-chain. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Rollups \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua 03 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rollups ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch off-chain, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Blockchain c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch th\u00f4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch theo nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi l\u00ean blockchain \u0111\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed gas tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rollups ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c trung th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Blockchain l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuc_thi_off-chain\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c thi off-chain<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Rollup l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch off-chain. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Blockchain Layer 2 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c hay v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, thay cho Blockchain c\u01a1 s\u1edf. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u khi giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean Layer 2 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Blockchain c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean Blockchain Layer 2 (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Optimistic Rollups, ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch th\u00f4, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">calldata<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 blockchain c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00edt c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean Layer 2, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26277\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26277\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26277\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2.png\" alt=\"Blockchain Layer 2\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-150x84.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-450x253.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-2-1200x675.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26277\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Layer 2.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao_dich_hang_loat\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giao d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. Tr\u00ean blockchain, m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 01 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gift packing<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i trong 01 h\u1ed9p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi. V\u1edbi Rollups, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gift<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u00edt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chia ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho nhi\u1ec1u <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gift<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch th\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">calldata <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gi\u00fap c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch Rollups kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch theo \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia Rollups c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Blockchain Layer 2 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau &#8211; m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch theo \u0111\u1ee3t tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch, v\u1ed1n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean blockchain v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean blockchain c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3 giao d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ZK-Rollups v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hieu-ro-ve-zk-rollup-va-optimistic-rollup-tren-ethereum-layer-2\/\">Optimistic Rollups<\/a> \u0111\u1ec1u theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_nguoi_xac_thuc_hon\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Layer 2 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 Layer 2 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c Rollups c\u1ea7n \u00edt tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n khi x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean Blockchain Layer 2. Tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. L\u00fd do \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn &#8211; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bao_mat_Layer_2_Tam_quan_trong_cua_bang_chung_proof\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt Layer 2: T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng (proof)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proof<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho Layer 2 trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n, ch\u1eef k\u00fd m\u1eadt m\u00e3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i Layer 2 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fault Proofs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Validity Proofs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zero-Knowledge Proofs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c Optimistic v\u00e0 ZK-Rollups hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tin_nhan_da_ky_tren_kenh_thanh_toan\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd tr\u00ean k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed khi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n, Bob ho\u1eb7c Alice c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1c \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ed5 c\u00e1i\u201d c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu Alice \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4 \u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec Bob c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh ch\u1ea5p giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao m\u1edbi h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh. Alice c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Layer 2. Sau khi k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf, c\u1ea3 Bob v\u00e0 Alice \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1ea3n sao ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho v\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh c\u1ee7a Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. K\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi off-chain, nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft k\u00eanh, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26278\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26278\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39.png\" alt=\"Blockchain Layer 2\" width=\"900\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39.png 1340w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39-1024x494.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39-150x72.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39-768x370.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39-450x217.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-05-08-luc-09.43.39-1200x579.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26278\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Optimistic v\u00e0 Zero-Knowledge Rollups cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh off-chain v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00fang on-chain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optimistic_Rollup_Fault_Proofs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimistic Rollup Fault Proofs<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fault Proof (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ed7i) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Layer 2 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sai. Khi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Optimistic. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/tag\/optimistic-rollup\/\">Optimistic<\/a> xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed7i: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh Optimistic gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh trong th\u1eddi gian tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Validity_Proofs_ZK-Rollup\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Validity Proofs ZK-Rollup<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Validity Proofs (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ed7i, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ZK-Rollup, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean Blockchain Layer 2. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh on-chain t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Layer 2 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t ZK-Rollup \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i\/\u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo_rong_quy_mo_Blockchain\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 Blockchain<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n, Rollups v\u00e0 Layer 2 theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng blockchain theo c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i &#8211; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Web3 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Web3, bao g\u1ed3m Blockchain c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 Layer 2, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng blockchain, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p DAG v\u00e0 Layer 2 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a Web3 l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_giai_phap_mo_rong_chinh_tren_Layer-2_cua_Ethereum\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean Layer-2 c\u1ee7a Ethereum<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28476\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28476\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28476\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min.png\" alt=\"Layer-2\" width=\"900\" height=\"699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min.png 1314w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min-1024x795.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min-150x116.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min-768x596.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min-450x349.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.14.48-min-1200x932.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28476\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean Layer-2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"State_Channel\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Channel<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Channels l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 Layer-2 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i theo c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi blockchain ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 ph\u00ed tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>State Channel ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>M\u1edf k\u00eanh: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd m\u1edf k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi blockchain. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi k\u00eanh m\u1edf, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi blockchain ch\u00ednh, cho ph\u00e9p thanh to\u00e1n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u0110\u00f3ng k\u00eanh: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00eanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean tham gia n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3ng k\u00eanh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i t\u1edbi blockchain ch\u00ednh. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i, ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plasma\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plasma<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plasma l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 Layer-2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Ethereum, gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c Blockchain nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;chu\u1ed7i Plasma&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;chu\u1ed7i con&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vitalik Buterin v\u00e0 Joseph Poon, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Lightning Network, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Plasma v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2017 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 cho th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ethereum. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh sang c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i con.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28477\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28477\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28477\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min.png\" alt=\"Plasma\" width=\"900\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min.png 1336w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min-1024x590.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min-150x86.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min-450x259.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Anh-chup-Man-hinh-2024-11-07-luc-11.18.37-min-1200x692.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28477\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plasma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Plasma ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plasma ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 Merkle Trees, cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i con \u2013 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Blockchain Ethereum (mainchain). V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i con (sidechain) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i Plasma n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Blockchain ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed7i chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u1ed1i ri\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c sidechain v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo v\u00e0o mainchain<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i con, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i con. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh. V\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed7i chu\u1ed7i con x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Validium\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Validium<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ethereum-bung-no-cac-giai-phap-mo-rong-thong-qua-layer-2\/\">Validium<\/a> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 Layer-2 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng Zero Knowledge Proofs \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Ethereum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p Layer-2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh Ethereum. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ra kh\u1ecfi chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Ethereum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nhanh h\u01a1n trong khi di chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Validium gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u00ed gas do gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh t\u1eebng giao d\u1ecbch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Validium ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Validium gom c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch sidechain th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o zk-proof cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t. ZK-Proofs \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i sidechain \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ZK-Proofs, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh Ethereum \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n ghi m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong sidechain.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rollup\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rollup<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rollup l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Layer-2. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p Rollup Layer-2 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m &#8220;cu\u1ed9n&#8221; c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gom ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00fang l\u00ean chu\u1ed7i Layer-1, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn giao d\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n rollup.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-28474\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3.png\" alt=\"Rollup Layer 2\" width=\"900\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3.png 3230w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-1024x528.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-150x77.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-768x396.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-1536x793.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-2048x1057.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-450x232.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a1-3-1200x619.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Blockchain Layer 2. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean, m\u1ecdi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Support c\u1ee7a Fiahub 24\/7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blockchain Layer 2 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Layer 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean blockchain (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng Layer 1) gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Layer 2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 blockchain n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":26279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21845,21850],"tags":[17761,17762],"class_list":{"0":"post-8966","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kinh-nghiem-dau-tu","8":"category-tu-dien-crypto","9":"tag-layer-2","10":"tag-lop-2"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0 - Fiahub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Blockchain Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Blockchain Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fiahub Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FiahubVN\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-13T12:04:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-15T09:26:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Le Hoang\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@FIAHUBVN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@FIAHUBVN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Le Hoang\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"31 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Le Hoang\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/438ca2054bd04d8ef374b9dd54ed3418\"},\"headline\":\"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-06-13T12:04:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-15T09:26:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/\"},\"wordCount\":6165,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png\",\"keywords\":[\"layer 2\",\"l\u1edbp 2\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\",\"T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Crypto\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/\",\"name\":\"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0 - Fiahub\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-06-13T12:04:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-15T09:26:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Blockchain Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":576,\"caption\":\"Layer 2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Blockchain do \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi Blockchain \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 03 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: th\u1ef1c thi, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fiahub Blog\",\"description\":\"Fiahub Blog\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"DIGITEX Pte Ltd\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/2018-05-2723.41.06.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/2018-05-2723.41.06.jpg\",\"width\":956,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"DIGITEX Pte Ltd\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FiahubVN\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/FIAHUBVN\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/438ca2054bd04d8ef374b9dd54ed3418\",\"name\":\"Le Hoang\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Le-Hoang.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Le-Hoang.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Le Hoang\"},\"description\":\"Freelancer Marketing v\u00e0 Content Creator v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 10 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m; trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 3 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ea3ng Blockchain v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Copywriter. V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. L\u00ea Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c \\\"T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Crypto\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edbi\\\" t\u1ea1i Fiahub Blog\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/author\/le-hoang\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0 - Fiahub","description":"\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Blockchain Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0","og_description":"\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Blockchain Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n","og_url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/","og_site_name":"Fiahub Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FiahubVN\/","article_published_time":"2021-06-13T12:04:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-03-15T09:26:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":576,"url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Le Hoang","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@FIAHUBVN","twitter_site":"@FIAHUBVN","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Le Hoang","Est. reading time":"31 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/"},"author":{"name":"Le Hoang","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/438ca2054bd04d8ef374b9dd54ed3418"},"headline":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0","datePublished":"2021-06-13T12:04:56+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-15T09:26:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/"},"wordCount":6165,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png","keywords":["layer 2","l\u1edbp 2"],"articleSection":["Chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0","T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Crypto"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/","url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/","name":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0 - Fiahub","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png","datePublished":"2021-06-13T12:04:56+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-15T09:26:41+00:00","description":"\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, Blockchain Layer 2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean Blockchain c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fiahub_Advance-Guide_Blockchain-Layer-2.png","width":1024,"height":576,"caption":"Layer 2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Blockchain do \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi Blockchain \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 03 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: th\u1ef1c thi, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/defi-moi-thu-ban-can-biet-ve-cong-nghe-chuoi-layer-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Blockchain Layer 2\u00a0"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/","name":"Fiahub Blog","description":"Fiahub Blog","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"DIGITEX Pte Ltd","url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/2018-05-2723.41.06.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/2018-05-2723.41.06.jpg","width":956,"height":500,"caption":"DIGITEX Pte Ltd"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FiahubVN\/","https:\/\/x.com\/FIAHUBVN"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/438ca2054bd04d8ef374b9dd54ed3418","name":"Le Hoang","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Le-Hoang.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Le-Hoang.jpg","caption":"Le Hoang"},"description":"Freelancer Marketing v\u00e0 Content Creator v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 10 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m; trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 3 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ea3ng Blockchain v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Copywriter. V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. L\u00ea Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c \"T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Crypto\" v\u00e0 \"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edbi\" t\u1ea1i Fiahub Blog","url":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/author\/le-hoang\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8966"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30513,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8966\/revisions\/30513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}