{"id":6423,"date":"2021-03-04T10:57:11","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=6423"},"modified":"2021-11-23T21:12:30","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T14:12:30","slug":"hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydra: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Cardano"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nhanh nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Visa x\u1eed l\u00fd trung b\u00ecnh 150 tri\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (TPS). Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng PoW th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c TPS. M\u1ea1ng PoS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m TPS.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Sau 5 n\u0103m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh trong IOHK, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o Hydra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111a b\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi blockchain v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Cardano. Ouroboros Hydra t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng PoS. V\u1edbi Hydra, Cardano th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho ti\u1ec1n fiat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydra l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Cardano, n\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn PoS. Hydra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u00f3m c\u1ecdc. Nh\u00f3m IOHK \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UTxO m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n chia s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i. V\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i v\u00e0 Hydra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u Hydra m\u1edbi, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0o giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u Hydra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kho\u1ea3ng 1000 TPS v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi 1000 pool, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, Cardano c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1 tri\u1ec7u TPS v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Hydra cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c n\u00fat b\u1ed5 sung. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung v\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n CTNH.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydra s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i n\u00fat. Hydra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng dapp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n vi m\u00f4, b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u00ean. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano\/#Moi_quan_he_giua_blockchain_va_Hydra_la_gi\" >M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa blockchain v\u00e0 Hydra l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano\/#Cac_kenh_trang_thai_cua_Hydra\" >C\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Hydra<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano\/#UTxO_mo_rong\" >UTxO m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano\/#May_trang_thai\" >M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano\/#Giao_thuc_Head\" >Giao th\u1ee9c Head<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moi_quan_he_giua_blockchain_va_Hydra_la_gi\"><\/span>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa blockchain v\u00e0 Hydra l\u00e0 g\u00ec<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb hy sinh, th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai b\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 blockchain. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. B\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai. L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 c\u00e0ng cao c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ebb. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Hydra l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai cho l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Cardano.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1edfi blockchain v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n sang l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch trong l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Alice, Bob v\u00e0 Carol m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng ADA trong blockchain, \u1edf l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 30 xu. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u00e0o Hydra. N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra. Trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i coin th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. Khi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, blockchain s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp sau.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b30 \u0111\u1ed3ng ADA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho blockchain. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o blockchain trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra. Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu coin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1edbi Alice hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 20 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Bob c\u00f3 Carol 5 \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nhanh gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 blockchain kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alice, Bob v\u00e0 Carol c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt cho nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_kenh_trang_thai_cua_Hydra\"><\/span>C\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Hydra<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00eanh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c b\u00ean duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chung v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi blockchain.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh \u1edf l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Thu ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n boa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/li><li>Ng\u1eebng nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li><li>\u0110ang ch\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/li><li>X\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n th\u1eafng.<\/li><li>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n th\u1eafng c\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong Hydra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, blockchain kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean trong Hydra. Sau khi ti\u1ec1n th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o cho m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a gi\u1ea3i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1. Sau khi m\u00f9a gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m k\u00eanh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: blockchain th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UTxO (\u0110\u1ea7u ra giao d\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a g\u1eedi). UTxO v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a coin. M\u1ed7i UTxO \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu UTXO c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang Kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung UTxO nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef coin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 UTxO b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 trong v\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UTxO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n trong chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi UTxO. Do \u0111\u00f3, xu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, n\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai. Hydra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UTxO m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Hydra. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Hydra l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi UTxO \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong blockchain, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/Gy1yQfQ1KxKuy2eqVwQiK-wTF2cF4hcOcAYoMQ_oqSFGBlUwKqGk9sOTdMcqK_yjjf6D3O_WxKj7HdamdOefMeoujEAXgDu-bXRCvGZQW3bXNE8TsmsoombZzOJheHAfuPb3xry9\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption> S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh.<br> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t Ethereum. Ethereum s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Solidity \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Solidity. \u0110\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh Solidity ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a blockchain v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong Hydra, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh. Hydra gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c k\u00eanh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Hydra k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i Cardano.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd song song c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf th\u00eam Hydra\u2019s head. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Hydra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb song song m\u1edbi. Khi m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c blockchain h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh trong Hydra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd trong blockchain. Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/bX4pxXW0tem861WwyJovCfdttF7cXTpjqDTweFuZX9Al1L5Li7Y9l60vXW7mitgSKlU3b6EgSo-0gyVZgGpD-ToB1tZa4ot4k4bm3bFCX4KuiDiB4-jByilqa6v4nl0WZK0Qk9Cy\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption> C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u Hydra h\u01a1n.<br> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Hydra, Cardano c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi blockchain. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UTxO_mo_rong\"><\/span>UTxO m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UTxO trong c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i blockchain, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong Hydra v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i blockchain. UTxO r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Bitcoin\u2019s UTxO truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. IOHK \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Extended UTxO (EUTxO) v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chung (ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn sau). M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UTxO m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c UTxO t\u1eeb blockchain v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra. Head ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, sau khi chuy\u1ec3n giao, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giao th\u1ee9c Head \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi blockchain. C\u00e1c b\u00ean g\u1eedi giao d\u1ecbch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chung. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch, quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t giao th\u1ee9c Head ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i blockchain. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydra cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 decommit t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 UTxO c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hydra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean tham gia h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng Head ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u1ea7n th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c b\u1edbt ti\u1ec1n.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"May_trang_thai\"><\/span>M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e1y. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o. M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Cardano \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n UTxO gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/yAVfNzuaxWQMb0xgi4xhnzGGg8bA7iAJ3mHnzobKPiJTGlkhEYW6ehlZ5pdAudivv1SE1XOvODbn2Hiadk_fcO2F8U7QKCf8Iqx5XIkQ4Q55FWbZRceZYUQ7tSrl7EgZ5RuOSegk\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption> L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea7ng. C\u1eeda s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thang m\u00e1y s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n an to\u00e0n.<br> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thang m\u00e1y. Thang m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho thang m\u00e1y. Thang m\u00e1y bi\u1ebft c\u1eeda \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng hay m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Thang m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n khi c\u1eeda m\u1edf. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd nguy hi\u1ec3m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean trong. Thang ch\u1ec9 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean \/ xu\u1ed1ng khi c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Thang m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: M\u1edf c\u1eeda, \u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, \u0110i l\u00ean, \u0110i xu\u1ed1ng, Ch\u1edd. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0: C\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng -&gt; \u0110i l\u00ean. H\u00e3y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf b\u00ean trong thang m\u00e1y. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 C\u1eeda m\u1edf. Ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t n\u00fat. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho thang m\u00e1y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang \u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd l\u00e0: M\u1edf c\u1eeda -&gt; Di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean. M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thang m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i Hydra. Ph\u1ea7n blockchain c\u1ee7a Hydra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hai \u0111i\u1ec1u:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c UTxO trong chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i khi c\u00e1c UTxO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Head. C\u00e1c UTx0 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a trong blockchain trong khi Head ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra.<\/li><li>Khi Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Hydra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c UTxO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i blockchain m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/KqEVFPpFBm3AhMe7OTpT_mST8JM6jqsUwCk60dNJ3nP2aUJ5OwgbEq2DitZFC-rLI9iBg_1wTVSzxxJ_zOjHUdtBgNQJnICyqxcckwLO9eOZBHp3pRrDHgcmDEt-7u4tiYl5tkzC\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption> M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n UTxO.<br> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c UTxO \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Head ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c UTxO t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Head.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/mJQmcYaG7s4Fxc-5yz9toGIJVCeUArhtP8ntISoFkX2Hdzy2oJbCU3OPunU-r4EN24190OPB5SlTB3aGnClBsjEySeDiAHLjfz_fo09xIl5_us_H1n3p08K1DP8b054qBK6XdBMn\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption> UTxO b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a khi Head \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<br> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Hydra: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, M\u1edf, \u0110\u00f3ng v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n UTxO gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t UTxO c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/\">blockchain<\/a> ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Hydra. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giao_thuc_Head\"><\/span>Giao th\u1ee9c Head<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Hydra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia. M\u1ed7i b\u00ean thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf. C\u00e1c b\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef k\u00fd trong \u0111\u1ea7u.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean blockchain. C\u00e1c token \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Head c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c token. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd tham gia v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n UTxO an to\u00e0n t\u1eeb blockchain v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Head c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cam k\u1ebft UTxO cho Head. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Head n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng g\u1eedi giao d\u1ecbch cam k\u1ebft th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Ban \u0111\u1ea7u sang Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 Head s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi giao d\u1ecbch cam k\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c UTxO b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a trong blockchain \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Head l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean head c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UTxO trong Head sau khi m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang M\u1edf. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, UTxO b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, khi Head \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng Head. M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang \u0110\u00f3ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 UTxO c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau khi th\u1eddi gian tranh ch\u1ea5p k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 UTxO, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/\">blockchain<\/a>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch trong Head. Giao th\u1ee9c Head kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch song song. M\u1ed7i b\u00ean duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UTxO cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Giao th\u1ee9c Head thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00fd tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Khi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UTxO h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UTxO h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, do \u0111\u00f3, UTxO ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Do x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. UTxO ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ecdi b\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn trong Head v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Giao th\u1ee9c Head kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean. Thay v\u00ec l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh UTxO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee5p nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00e1c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef k\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Khi \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh m\u1edbi. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh m\u1edbi. \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Head \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Head x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydra s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch. V\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n. Hydra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gamechanger. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 nh\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp UTxO.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nhanh nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":6424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21846],"tags":[221,2740,8192,12901,2889],"class_list":{"0":"post-6423","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tien-dien-tu","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-blockchain","10":"tag-cardano","11":"tag-hydra","12":"tag-tien-ao"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hydra: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Cardano - Fiahub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ouroboros Hydra t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng PoS. V\u1edbi Hydra, Cardano th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho ti\u1ec1n fiat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hydra-giai-phap-mo-rong-cardano\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hydra: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Cardano\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ouroboros Hydra t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng PoS. 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