{"id":4297,"date":"2020-09-13T16:21:07","date_gmt":"2020-09-13T09:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=4297"},"modified":"2025-03-13T14:23:25","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T07:23:25","slug":"thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p><em>Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ng Blockchain tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. V\u1eady <\/em><strong><em>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/strong><em> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#Thuat_toan_dong_thuan_Consensus_Blockchain_la_gi\" >Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#Thuat_toan_dong_thuan_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#Phan_biet_thuat_toan_dong_thuan_Consensus_va_giao_thuc_Protocol\" >Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c (Protocol)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#Cac_loai_thuat_toan_dong_thuan_Consensus_Blockchain\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#PoW_Bang_chung_cong_viec\" >PoW B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#PoS_Bang_chung_co_phan\" >PoS B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#Tra_loi_cho_cau_hoi_Vi_sao_Thuat_toan_dong_thuan_lai_co_y_nghia_lon_doi_voi\" >Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: V\u00ec sao Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/#Ket_Luan\" >K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuat_toan_dong_thuan_Consensus_Blockchain_la_gi\"><\/span>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. T\u1eebng giao \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef data d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, giao \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i data c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn blockchain ra \u0111\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c n\u00fat ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuat_toan_dong_thuan_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung, m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Blockchain, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phi t\u1eadp trung, n\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Blockchain quy t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 quan trung \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf, Blockchain t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4301\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc1.png\" alt=\"thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \" width=\"585\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc1.png 627w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc1-150x91.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc1-300x181.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Consensus gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_biet_thuat_toan_dong_thuan_Consensus_va_giao_thuc_Protocol\"><\/span><strong>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c (Protocol)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, hai c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c (Protocol) v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Blockchain. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 giao th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Blockchain \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, hay c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng,&#8230; V\u00e0 d\u00f9 cho Blockchain c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t protocol. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay nh\u1eefng ai tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a protocol.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u00fap cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Bitcoin, Ethereum s\u1ebd l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 PoW v\u00e0 PoS, khi Blockchain \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_thuat_toan_dong_thuan_Consensus_Blockchain\"><\/span>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>PoW B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 PoS b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 2 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 2 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y nh\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PoW_Bang_chung_cong_viec\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/pow-la-gi-tim-hieu-co-che-hoat-dong-cua-pow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PoW B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay Proof of Work (PoW) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c token. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u coins kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Bitcoin.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4299\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc2.png\" alt=\"proof of work l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\" width=\"489\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc2.png 519w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc2-150x116.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc2-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Proof of Work l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00f3, giao \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. V\u00e0 PoW s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ra giao \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u0103m ph\u1ea3i am hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u00fat ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng Blockchain. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u00e0 th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u00fat ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, PoW gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Blockchain ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51%. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a phi t\u1eadp trung th\u00ec PoW \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PoS_Bang_chung_co_phan\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-proof-of-stake-pos-va-nhung-dieu-can-biet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PoS B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n\u00a0<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2011 B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n hay Proof of Stake (PoS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi. PoS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho PoW, khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia t\u1eeb PoW.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Thay v\u00ec PoW th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn reward ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hay c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PoS, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n tham gia. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PoS ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn giao \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nonce nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 PoW n\u1eefa. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Blockchain. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i kh\u00f3a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfp theo d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u00e0 PoS s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ra th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, hay th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bao l\u00e2u,&#8230;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 PoS l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c so v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\" class=\"wp-image-4300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"Proof of Stake l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4-1024x573.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4-810x454.jpg 810w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4-1140x638.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/cc4.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Proof of Stake ra \u0111\u1eddi sau PoW<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tra_loi_cho_cau_hoi_Vi_sao_Thuat_toan_dong_thuan_lai_co_y_nghia_lon_doi_voi\"><\/span>Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: V\u00ec sao Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng Blockchain m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n k\u00e9o theo vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, Blockchain c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u00ec thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u00f2n gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ng Blockchain ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 Byzantine, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_Luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i. R\u1ea5t mong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u00fap m\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":4298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21850],"tags":[2740,3295,8325,3296,8326,8324,8328],"class_list":{"0":"post-4297","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tu-dien-crypto","8":"tag-blockchain","9":"tag-pos","10":"tag-pow","11":"tag-proof-of-stake","12":"tag-proof-of-work","13":"tag-thuat-toan-dong-thuan","14":"tag-thuat-toan-dong-thuan-la-gi"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain - Fiahub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-consensus-blockchain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus) Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain. 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