{"id":27884,"date":"2024-09-30T14:00:10","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T07:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=27884"},"modified":"2024-09-26T10:21:44","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T03:21:44","slug":"ham-bam-sha-256","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a SHA-256"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u0103m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 256 bit, hay thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, SHA-256 v\u1eabn \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256 v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c an ninh m\u1ea1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Hashing_%E2%80%9CBam%E2%80%9D_la_gi\" >Hashing (\u201cB\u0103m\u201d) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Thuat_toan_SHA-256_la_gi\" >Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Dac_diem_cua_thuat_toan_SHA-256_la_gi\" >\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Cac_buoc_trong_thuat_toan_SHA-256\" >C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Cac_bit_dem\" >C\u00e1c bit \u0111\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Do_dai_dem\" >\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Khoi_tao_Bo_dem\" >Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Chuc_nang_nen\" >Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e9n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Dau_ra\" >\u0110\u1ea7u ra<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Ung_dung_cua_thuat_toan_SHA\" >\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ham-bam-sha-256\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hashing_%E2%80%9CBam%E2%80%9D_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hashing (\u201cB\u0103m\u201d) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hashing l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. H\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hashrate-la-gi-va-moi-quan-he-voi-gia-tri-cua-bitcoin\/\">h\u00e0m b\u0103m<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m\/b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27885\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-2.png 1114w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-2-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-2-1024x452.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-2-150x66.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-2-768x339.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-2-450x199.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay g\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u0103m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>B\u0103m m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trang web, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27886 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-3.png 808w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-3-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-3-150x75.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-3-768x386.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-3-450x226.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>X\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Khi t\u1ea3i t\u1ec7p l\u00ean trang web, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i h\u00e0m b\u0103m v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27887\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2.png 776w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-150x82.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-768x421.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-450x246.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m, h\u00e3y xem ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft &#8211; h\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuat_toan_SHA-256_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SHA-256 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-2, trong \u0111\u00f3 SHA l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <\/span><b><i>Secure Hash Algorithm (Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m an to\u00e0n).<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chung gi\u1eefa NSA v\u00e0 NIST \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m cho h\u1ecd SHA-1, v\u1ed1n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 256 trong t\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay\/v\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u00f5, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">256 bit<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ecd SHA \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi SHA-256. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dac_diem_cua_thuat_toan_SHA-256_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27888\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-4.png 1061w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-4-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-4-1024x455.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-4-150x67.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-4-768x341.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-4-450x200.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i tin nh\u1eafn:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 264 bit. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e0ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u0103m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 256 bit trong h\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256, 512 bit trong SHA-512&#8230; B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ee3i \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m nh\u01b0 SHA 256 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i qua h\u00e0m b\u0103m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi SHA, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_buoc_trong_thuat_toan_SHA-256\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_bit_dem\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c bit \u0111\u1ec7m<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bit b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, sao cho \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 64 bit so v\u1edbi b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 512. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng, bit \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27889\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-5.png 874w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-5-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-5-150x61.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-5-768x310.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-5-450x182.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_dai_dem\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec7m<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam 64 bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 512. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n 64 bit k\u00fd t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4-\u0111un cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khoi_tao_Bo_dem\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u00e1m b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27890\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-6.png 427w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-6-224x300.png 224w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-6-112x150.png 112w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-6-150x201.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef 64 kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng, t\u1eeb <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K[0]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u1ebfn <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K[63]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27891\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1.png 1527w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1-300x61.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1-1024x207.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1-150x30.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1-768x155.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1-450x91.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2-1-1200x242.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuc_nang_nen\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i 512 bit. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3i qua 64 v\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27892\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-7.png 615w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-7-279x300.png 279w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-7-140x150.png 140w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-7-150x161.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-7-450x484.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K[i]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W[i] <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dau_ra\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea7u ra<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p, \u0111\u1ea7u ra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i 512 bit cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n coi \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 256 bit, theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27893\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-8.png 1095w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-8-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-8-1024x489.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-8-150x72.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-8-768x367.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a1-8-450x215.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi h\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_thuat_toan_SHA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>X\u00e1c minh ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/tim-hieu-ve-digital-signature-chu-ky-so-va-ung-dung-cua-no\/\"> Ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1<\/a> tu\u00e2n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\/t\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m nh\u01b0 SHA 256 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u00e1c minh ch\u1eef k\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u201cB\u0103m\u201d m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c trang web l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u0103m v\u00ec hai l\u1ee3i \u00edch. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>SSL Handshaking<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SSL Handshaking l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean duy\u1ec7t web v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m SHA. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 kh\u00f3a m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256 v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n MD5. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u0103m, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u0103m, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a SHA, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\nC\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean, m\u1ecdi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Support c\u1ee7a Fiahub 24\/7.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u0103m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 256 bit, hay thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-256, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":27894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21843],"tags":[17148,21791],"class_list":{"0":"post-27884","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-huong-dan-dau-tu","8":"tag-ham-bam","9":"tag-ty-le-bam"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>H\u00e0m b\u0103m SHA-256 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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