{"id":26623,"date":"2024-06-03T10:00:41","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T03:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=26623"},"modified":"2025-03-15T23:09:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-15T16:09:21","slug":"giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp Th\u1ef1c Thi v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ed3ng Thu\u1eadn trong Blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Lop_dong_thuan_Consensus_Layer_trong_Blockchain_la_gi\" >L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus Layer) trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Lop_dong_thuan_giup_cai_thien_Ethereum_20_nhu_the_nao\" >L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n Ethereum 2.0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Proof-of-Stake_la_gi_va_no_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >Proof-of-Stake l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Beacon_Chain_dong_vai_tro_gi_trong_viec_nang_cap_dong_thuan_Ethereum\" >Beacon Chain \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Ethereum?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Tai_sao_nang_cap_lop_dong_thuan_duoc_phat_hanh_theo_tung_giai_doan\" >T\u1ea1i sao n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Lop_thuc_thi_Execution_Layer_la_gi\" >L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi (Execution Layer) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Lop_thuc_thi_co_vai_tro_gi\" >L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Dau_la_thach_thuc_cua_lop_thuc_thi_trong_boi_canh_hien_tai\" >\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Optimistic_Rollup\" >Optimistic Rollup<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Validity_Rollup\" >Validity Rollup<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-lop-thuc-thi-execution-layer-va-lop-dong-thuan-consensus-layer-trong-blockchain\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_dong_thuan_Consensus_Layer_trong_Blockchain_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus Layer) trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1ng blockchain n\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a blockchain. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">Ethereum 2.0<\/a> s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 theo \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a blockchain. L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, v.v. N\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ethereum l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26624\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26624\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a2.png\" alt=\"Blockchain Layers\" width=\"900\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a2.png 956w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a2-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a2-150x91.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a2-768x466.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a2-450x273.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26624\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c Layers c\u1ee7a Blockchain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_dong_thuan_giup_cai_thien_Ethereum_20_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n Ethereum 2.0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn cho Blockchain Ethereum sau khi h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Proof-of-Work c\u0169. Ph\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m, m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ea1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, chi ph\u00ed cao cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1c \u00fd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/proof-of-stake-va-cac-bien-the-cua-co-che-dong-thuan-pos\/\">Proof-of-Stake<\/a> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ethereum 2.0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c 99,9% so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00ec r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tham gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">Ethereum<\/a> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t blockchain c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proof-of-Stake_la_gi_va_no_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proof-of-Stake l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proof-of-Work d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1eb1m th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Proof-of-Stake thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng Ether hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn trung th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u00e9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26625\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26625\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26625\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11.jpg\" alt=\"L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11-450x253.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-11-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26625\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i &#8220;b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Beacon_Chain_dong_vai_tro_gi_trong_viec_nang_cap_dong_thuan_Ethereum\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beacon Chain \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Ethereum?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beacon Chain \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho Blockchain Proof-of-Stake \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ethereum. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi Proof-of-Work hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, Chu\u1ed7i Beacon hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng Ethereum 2.0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof-of-Stake.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chu\u1ed7i Beacon c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n song song kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200btrong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p giao th\u1ee9c sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_sao_nang_cap_lop_dong_thuan_duoc_phat_hanh_theo_tung_giai_doan\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1i sao n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Blockchain l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sang m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng qua Beacon Chain ban \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u00e1p &#8211; vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfp theo tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_thuc_thi_Execution_Layer_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi (Execution Layer) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong Modular Blockchain, l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi (Execution Layer) ch\u1ee9a logic th\u1ef1c thi gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai Rollups \u0111\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi nh\u01b0 Arbitrum, OP Mainnet, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/layer-3-la-gi-layer-3-trong-blockchain-co-that-su-toi-uu\/\">Starknet<\/a>\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Blockchain Layer kh\u00e1c, t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Blockchain c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u01a1n \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26626\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26626\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26626\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-8.png\" alt=\"Execution Layer\" width=\"900\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-8.png 850w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-8-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-8-150x106.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-8-768x545.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/a1-8-450x319.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26626\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trong Modular Blockchain, l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi (Execution Layer) ch\u1ee9a logic th\u1ef1c thi gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea1ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lop_thuc_thi_co_vai_tro_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi t\u1eadp trung x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong Modular Blockchain Stack.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Th\u1ef1c thi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh:<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c thi logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Blockchaiin.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n off-chain gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c; cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng Blockchain th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dau_la_thach_thuc_cua_lop_thuc_thi_trong_boi_canh_hien_tai\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modular Blockchain m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian cho l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optimistic_Rollup\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimistic Rollup<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/tag\/optimistic-rollup\/\">Optimistic Rollup<\/a> li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Fraud-Proof-System.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7n Arbitrum Stack l\u00e0 Rollup SDK duy nh\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gian l\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean mainnet. OP Stack c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Rollup SDK ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gian l\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Validity_Rollup\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Validity Rollup<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Validity Rollup l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Provable Program v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Validity Rollup v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra chi ph\u00ed x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u00e8m theo. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng SNARK \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cao v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng STARK c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1 cao.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp Th\u1ef1c Thi (Execution Layer) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ed3ng Thu\u1eadn (Consensus Layer) trong Blockchain. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hai l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Blockchain. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean, m\u1ecdi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Support c\u1ee7a Fiiahub 24\/7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus Layer) trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1ng blockchain n\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a blockchain. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":26627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21843],"tags":[2740,22425],"class_list":{"0":"post-26623","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-huong-dan-dau-tu","8":"tag-blockchain","9":"tag-layer"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp Th\u1ef1c Thi v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ed3ng Thu\u1eadn trong Blockchain - Fiahub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u1edbp Th\u1ef1c thi (Execution Layer) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn (Consensus Layer) l\u00e0 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea5u 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