{"id":22354,"date":"2023-07-05T10:00:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T03:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=22354"},"modified":"2025-03-14T23:54:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:54:56","slug":"block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Block (kh\u1ed1i) trong Blockchain ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean Blockchain. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">Bitcoin<\/a>, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n Bitcoin. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Blockchain, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u00e3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 Blockchain t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau theo c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. T\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Blockchain. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i Bitcoin. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c Blockchain kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong m\u1ed9t Blockchain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o Blockchain, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1eadt m\u00e3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22355\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22355\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22355\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17.jpg\" alt=\"Blockchain\" width=\"900\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17.jpg 2208w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-1024x503.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-150x74.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-768x377.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-1536x754.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-2048x1005.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-450x221.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-17-1200x589.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22355\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Cac_bo_phan_cua_mot_khoi\" >C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Cau_truc_khoi\" >C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed1i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Tieu_de\" >Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Ham_bam_cua_khoi_truoc_do\" >H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Cac_truong_tieu_de_khoi_khac\" >C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Phan_than\" >Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Lam_the_nao_de_mot_khoi_hoat_dong\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Cac_loai_khoi\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Genesis_Block\" >Genesis Block<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Valid_Block\" >Valid Block<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Orphan_Block\" >Orphan Block\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/block-khoi-trong-blockchain-tien-dien-tu-la-gi-va-no-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_bo_phan_cua_mot_khoi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi giao d\u1ecbch. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ghi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">Blockchain<\/a>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t Blockchain, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u1eadt m\u00e3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m. M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m. Bitcoin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SHA-256, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ID c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i (ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong chu\u1ed7i,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian khi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span><b>nonce<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, <\/span><b>nonce<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra <\/span><b>nonce<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y <\/span><b>nonce<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd th\u00eam kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i, ni\u00eam phong n\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_truc_khoi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed1i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i blockchain. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i bao g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_de\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 khai th\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ham_bam_cua_khoi_truoc_do\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee7y Blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22356\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22356\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22356\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2.png\" alt=\"Block\" width=\"900\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2.png 1338w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2-300x295.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2-1024x1007.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2-150x148.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2-768x755.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2-450x443.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-2-1200x1180.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22356\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_truong_tieu_de_khoi_khac\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Blockchain kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Nonce:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>D\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian Unix.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f3:<\/strong> L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ecdi Blockchain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>H\u00e0m b\u0103m g\u1ed1c Merkel:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m b\u0103m g\u1ed1c Merkel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Chi\u1ec1u cao kh\u1ed1i:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c gi\u1eefa kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_than\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong kh\u1ed1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed7i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">blockchain<\/a> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_the_nao_de_mot_khoi_hoat_dong\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi tr\u00ean Blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p l\u01b0u v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t Blockchain t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra b\u1edfi m\u00e1y ATM c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng sau khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Blockchain t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t &#8216;s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i&#8217;, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y ATM ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Blockchain ghi l\u1ea1i chu\u1ed7i tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Blockchain cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh \u1ea9n danh cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22357\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22357\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22357 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-18.jpg\" alt=\"Block\" width=\"900\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-18.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-18-300x261.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-18-150x130.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-18-768x667.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/a1-18-450x391.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22357\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i trong Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_khoi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c Blockchain kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 Genesis Block, Valid Block v\u00e0 Orphan Block. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Genesis_Block\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genesis Block<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genesis c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8216;ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&#8217; v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u00fang, kh\u1ed1i genesis l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Blockchain. Kh\u1ed1i genesis \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c b\u1edfi Satoshi Nakamoto trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Genesis Block, Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Merkle Tree. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh g\u1ed1c Merkle l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Blockchain, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed1i 0.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genesis Block ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 thi khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai n\u00fat c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean Blockchain gi\u1ed1ng nhau cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi Genesis Block ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Nakamoto. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u Nakamoto c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00fat danh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Genesis Block \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t URL web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Genesis Block, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y giao d\u1ecbch 50BTC \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 giao d\u1ecbch chi ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, giao d\u1ecbch trong Genesis Block kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Bitcoin ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 <\/span><b><i>&#8220;genesis transaction&#8221;<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Genesis Block \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 <\/span><b><i>&#8220;cornerstone&#8221; <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, m\u1ecdi blockchain \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i genesis v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi blockchain \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 &#8220;n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng&#8221; n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Valid_Block\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Valid Block<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c Valid Block l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o Blockchain. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Valid Block, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o Blockchain v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c minh cho kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i Valid Block ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong Bitcoin, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9a trung b\u00ecnh 2100 giao d\u1ecbch. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch trong Valid Block s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed7i Valid Block \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o Blockchain sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i Valid Block \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y. H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i, Merkle Root, d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 Coinbase \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orphan_Block\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Orphan Block\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c Orphan Block c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Blockchain. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 khai th\u00e1c tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n g\u00e2y ra v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong chu\u1ed7i) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, Blockchain d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hack m\u1ea1ng Bitcoin v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, anh ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng 6,25 BTC cho m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho n\u00f3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p tin t\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 anh ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00e1c \u00fd v\u00e0 anh ta ch\u1ec9 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4 s\u01a1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i coinbase. Khi qu\u00e9t, m\u1ea1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">Blockchain<\/a> s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a tin t\u1eb7c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 50% s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh khai th\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t Orphan Block. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3. Tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c Orphan Block.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang d\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Blockchain v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch giao d\u1ecbch an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Blockchain v\u00e0 ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hack ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00fang ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i, Blockchain v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ba lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Genesis Block, Valid Block v\u00e0 Orphan Block.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean, m\u1ecdi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Support c\u1ee7a Fiahub 24\/7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blockchain ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean Blockchain. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n Bitcoin. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Blockchain, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":22358,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21850],"tags":[221,22716,2740,3102,3150,3140],"class_list":{"0":"post-22354","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tu-dien-crypto","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-block","10":"tag-blockchain","11":"tag-btc","12":"tag-crypto","13":"tag-tien-dien-tu"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Block (kh\u1ed1i) trong Blockchain ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - Fiahub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Blockchain. 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