{"id":20605,"date":"2023-02-09T16:19:06","date_gmt":"2023-02-09T09:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=20605"},"modified":"2023-02-09T16:19:06","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T09:19:06","slug":"bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trilemma c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Trilemma_Blockchain_la_gi\" >Trilemma Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Nhung_thanh_phan_cua_Trilemma_Blockchain\" >Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trilemma Blockchain<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Phi_tap_trung_la_gi\" >Phi t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Bao_mat_chuoi_khoi_la_gi\" >B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Kha_nang_mo_rong_la_gi\" >Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Giai_quyet_van_de_Trilemma_cua_Blockchain\" >Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Trilemma c\u1ee7a Blockchain<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Giai_quyet_bo_ba_bat_kha_thi_cua_chuoi_khoi_Lop_1\" >Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i: L\u1edbp 1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Giai_quyet_bo_ba_bat_kha_thi_cua_chuoi_khoi_Lop_2\" >Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i: L\u1edbp 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Giai_quyet_bo_ba_bat_kha_thi_cua_chuoi_khoi\" >Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bo-ba-bat-kha-thi-cua-blockchain-la-gi-trilemma-co-kho-de-toi-uu\/#Tong_ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trilemma_Blockchain_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trilemma Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trong khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng minh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp trung. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd CAP \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd CAP, c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi t\u1eadp trung &#8211; trong \u0111\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p &#8211; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai trong s\u1ed1 ba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o: t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 dung sai ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng (CAP). Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a Blockchain &#8211; ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng khai ph\u1ea3i hy sinh t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch-m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng trung t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn phi t\u1eadp trung. C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng khai qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1edf, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (TPS). C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 Hyperledger\u2019s Fabric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch cao, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i nhanh v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung &#8211; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n &#8211; d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20607\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20607\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20607\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-1.png\" alt=\"Blockhchain Trilemma\" width=\"900\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-1.png 730w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-1-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-1-150x73.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-1-450x219.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20607\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trilemma Blockchain g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt k\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch \u1edf quy m\u00f4 internet l\u00e0 ch\u00e9n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p L\u1edbp 1 v\u00e0 L\u1edbp 2 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft Trilemma Blockchain n\u00e0y. L\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. L\u1edbp 2 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_thanh_phan_cua_Trilemma_Blockchain\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trilemma Blockchain<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trilemma Blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phi_tap_trung_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phi t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 phi t\u1eadp trung gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 trung gian trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/giai-thich-ve-he-sinh-thai-bitcoin-defi\/\">DeFi<\/a>), thay v\u00ec trung gian, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch qua n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 khai th\u00e1c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng Proof-of-Work (PoW) th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng &#8211; \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20608\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20608\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-6.jpg\" alt=\"Blockchain, phi t\u1eadp trung\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-6.jpg 864w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-6-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-6-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-6-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-6-450x253.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20608\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bao_mat_chuoi_khoi_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u00fat chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng PoW. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u1edf v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u00fat h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n v\u00ec tin t\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u0103m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng, tin t\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thao t\u00fang c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ee3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2020, chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i Ethereum Classic (ETC) &#8211; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">Ethereum<\/a> (ETH) &#8211; \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu ba cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51% l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 4.000 kh\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m thao t\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n ETC c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u1ea1ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20609\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20609\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20609\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-7.jpg\" alt=\"trilemma, blockchain\" width=\"900\" height=\"603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-7.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-7-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-7-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-7-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-7-450x301.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20609\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u00fat chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kha_nang_mo_rong_la_gi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch cao v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m khi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a Blockchain cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1eadp trung, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng blockchain \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft Trilemma Blockchain v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p L\u1edbp 1 v\u00e0 L\u1edbp 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20610\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20610\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20610\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-8.jpg\" alt=\"blockchain\" width=\"900\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-8-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-8-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-8-768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-8-450x293.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20610\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch cao v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_quyet_van_de_Trilemma_cua_Blockchain\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Trilemma c\u1ee7a Blockchain<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_quyet_bo_ba_bat_kha_thi_cua_chuoi_khoi_Lop_1\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i: L\u1edbp 1<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phi t\u1eadp trung, L\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 Bitcoin, Litecoin v\u00e0 Ethereum. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/pow-la-gi-tim-hieu-co-che-hoat-dong-cua-pow\/\">Proof of Work<\/a> l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Bitcoin. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 PoW an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Bitcoin ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y TPS. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng blockchain &#8211; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ethereum n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean Ethereum 2.0 &#8211; \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof-of-Stake (PoS). Thay v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn PoS x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ea1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Ethereum, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Sharding:<\/strong> Sharding \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng L\u1edbp 1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i. Sharding chia c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n&#8221;. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd song song \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed7i n\u00fat m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed1i t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1eef b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u00fat c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Ethereum 2.0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i cao c\u1ea5p \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Zilliqa, Tezos v\u00e0 Qtum.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20611\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20611\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20611\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-2.png\" alt=\"Blockchain Trilemma\" width=\"900\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-2.png 985w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-2-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-2-150x77.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-2-768x393.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-2-450x230.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20611\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn: Proof of Work l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Bitcoin. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 PoW an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_quyet_bo_ba_bat_kha_thi_cua_chuoi_khoi_Lop_2\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i: L\u1edbp 2<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trong chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i, L\u1edbp 2 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/\">Bitcoin<\/a> l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c L\u1edbp 1 v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng Lightning l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p L\u1edbp 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Bitcoin. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c l\u1edbp 2 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng PoW n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u1ed3ng nhau:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u1ed3ng nhau l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tham s\u1ed1 cho m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cha-con. Chu\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i con, chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i chu\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea1ng tr\u1eeb khi c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n OMG Plasma l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u1ed3ng nhau L\u1edbp 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean Ethereum L\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>K\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> K\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. K\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh ho\u1eb7c \u0111a ch\u1eef k\u00fd. Khi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4 giao d\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u00ean k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u201ctr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u201ck\u00eanh\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ea1ng Liquid, Celer, Bitcoin Lightning v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng Raiden c\u1ee7a Ethereum l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi, c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hy sinh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sidechains:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sidechain l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch l\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Sidechains s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. M\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ti\u1ec7n \u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa chu\u1ed7i b\u00ean v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh. Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. Sidechains ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch sidechain kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia &#8211; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m an ninh chu\u1ed7i b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i b\u00ean kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t sidechain \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20612\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20612\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20612\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9.jpg\" alt=\"trilemma blockchain, crypto\" width=\"900\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9.jpg 2200w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-1024x419.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-150x61.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-768x314.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-1536x628.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-2048x838.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-450x184.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/a1-9-1200x491.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20612\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Trilemma Blockchain \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa an ninh m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_quyet_bo_ba_bat_kha_thi_cua_chuoi_khoi\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Trilemma Blockchain \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa an ninh m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd CAP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang trong g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p L\u1edbp 1 v\u00e0 L\u1edbp 2 &#8211; c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <\/span><b>Proof-of-Stake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sang c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a Blockchain. Mong r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u1edbi cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 Blockchain d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean, m\u1ecdi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Support c\u1ee7a Fiahub 24\/7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trilemma Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trong khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng minh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":20606,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21849],"tags":[2740,3150,3295,8325,22753],"class_list":{"0":"post-20605","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-phan-tich-nhan-dinh","8":"tag-blockchain","9":"tag-crypto","10":"tag-pos","11":"tag-pow","12":"tag-trilemma"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>B\u1ed9 ba b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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