{"id":18964,"date":"2022-10-03T20:16:54","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T13:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=18964"},"modified":"2022-12-07T17:20:49","modified_gmt":"2022-12-07T10:20:49","slug":"so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\/","title":{"rendered":"So s\u00e1nh zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\/#1_Cong_nghe_chong_kien_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bthuc_bang_khong_ZKP_la_gi_va_no_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng (ZKP) l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\/#2_Zk-SNARKs_la_gi_va_chung_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >2. Zk-SNARKs l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\/#3_Zk-STARKs_la_gi_va_chung_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >3. Zk-STARKs l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\/#zk-STARKs_va_zk-SNARKs_Su_khac_biet_chinh\" >zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Cong_nghe_chong_kien_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bthuc_bang_khong_ZKP_la_gi_va_no_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng (ZKP) l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/hieu-ro-ve-zk-rollup-va-optimistic-rollup-tren-ethereum-layer-2\/\">ZKP<\/a> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1eadt m\u00e3, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nghe tr\u1ed9m truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c (ZKP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eadt m\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef) x\u00e1c minh m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra ZKP? V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali v\u00e0 Charles Rackoff c\u1ee7a MIT \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng tri th\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ba y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>T\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \/ T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n trung th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh trung th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nhau (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i mong manh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh trung th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Zero-Knowledge:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1.png\" alt=\"zksnark, layer2, eth\" width=\"900\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1.png 1400w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1024x674.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-150x99.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-768x506.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-450x296.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1200x790.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh. C\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c&#8221; b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hai b\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ZKP trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eadt m\u00e3 nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng Schnorr Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge (NIZK) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Ch\u1ee9ng minh Schnorr NIZK cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t logarit r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trung th\u1ef1c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ZKP \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh to\u00e1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ZKP, s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u Bitcoin c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi Bitcoin (BTC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1eef k\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong Elliptic (ECDSA) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 g\u1eedi BTC, v\u00e0 ECDSA cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giao ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Zk-SNARKs_la_gi_va_chung_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Zk-SNARKs l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a zk-SNARK. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0ng zk-SNARK \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef &#8220;\u0110\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a <strong>Zero-Knowledge Succinct<\/strong>&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;zk-SNARK&#8221;, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a b\u00ed m\u1eadt, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng zk-SNARKs m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ea1ng blockchain s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng zk-SNARK \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18968\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18968\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1.png\" alt=\"zk-SNARKs, EHT, layer 2\" width=\"900\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1.png 1636w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-1024x633.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-150x93.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-768x475.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-1536x950.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-450x278.png 450w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-1200x742.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18968\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">zk-STARKs l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c zk-SNARKs chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng zk-SNARK?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Zcash \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng zk-SNARKs \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean quan. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 zk-SNARK kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sai s\u00f3t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o, ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Zk-SNARK ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Zk-STARKs_la_gi_va_chung_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Zk-STARKs l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zk-STARKs l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. T\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0ng, zk-STARK \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? zk-STARK l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <strong>Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge<\/strong>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3. zk-STARKs, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 zero-knowledge proofs, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh v\u1edbi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho b\u00ean kia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zk-SNARKs, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng zk tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n zk-STARKs, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng zk. zk-STARKs c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh xa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c blockchains kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi STARK. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u zk-STARK hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 STARK, StarkWare Industries ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i, STARK t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng STARK x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai quan t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, STARK cho ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng blockchain hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng zk-STARK?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp 2 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn giao d\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng STARK, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng STARK duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch trong l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, mang l\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed gas th\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch. Starkware \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c minh b\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Zero-Knowledge trong nhi\u1ec1u blockchain, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i Ethereum.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18969\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18969\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18969\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1.jpg\" alt=\"zk snark, zk stark, eth\" width=\"900\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-1024x654.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-150x96.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/a1-1-450x288.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18969\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u1ea3 zk-STARKS v\u00e0 zk-SNARK \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ZKP kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zk-STARKs_va_zk-SNARKs_Su_khac_biet_chinh\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3 zk-STARKS v\u00e0 zk-SNARK \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/the-nao-la-zero-knowledge-proof\/\">ZKP<\/a> kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><b>zk-STARKs<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>zk-SNARKs<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, zk-STARKs t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zk-SNARKs y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n zk-SNARKs<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">k\u00e9m h\u01a1n zk-STARKS<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zk-STARKs c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng zk-SNARKs b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1eb7p kho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng khai &#8211; ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, STARK c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n SNARK kh\u00f4ng? zk-STARKs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i so v\u1edbi zk-SNARK. So v\u1edbi zk-SNARK, ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c blockchains. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 ZK-STARK c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do \u0111\u00f3, zk-SNARK s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n zk-STARK n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 zero-knowledge. Ngo\u00e0i ra, zk-SNARK \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 24% kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng zk-SNARK cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, zk-STARK v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 zk-SNARKs v\u00e0 zk-STARKs. C\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\">Fiahub<\/a> hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Support c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i 24\/7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng (ZKP) l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? ZKP l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1eadt m\u00e3, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nghe tr\u1ed9m truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":18965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21850],"tags":[2740,3136,22470,22231,22586],"class_list":{"0":"post-18964","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tu-dien-crypto","8":"tag-blockchain","9":"tag-eth-2","10":"tag-eth-layer2","11":"tag-zk-snark","12":"tag-zk-stark"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>So s\u00e1nh zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs - Fiahub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"So s\u00e1nh zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fiahub Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FiahubVN\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-03T13:16:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-07T10:20:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fiahub_nhan-dinh-thi-truong_So-sanh.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Le Hoang\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@FIAHUBVN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@FIAHUBVN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Le Hoang\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Le Hoang\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/438ca2054bd04d8ef374b9dd54ed3418\"},\"headline\":\"So s\u00e1nh zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-03T13:16:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-07T10:20:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2963,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/10\\\/Fiahub_nhan-dinh-thi-truong_So-sanh.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Blockchain\",\"ETH\",\"ETH Layer2\",\"zk-SNARK\",\"zk-stark\"],\"articleSection\":[\"T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Crypto\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fiahub.com\\\/blog\\\/so-sanh-zk-starks-va-zk-snarks\\\/\",\"name\":\"So s\u00e1nh zk-STARKs v\u00e0 zk-SNARKs - 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