{"id":1110,"date":"2019-07-18T16:03:50","date_gmt":"2019-07-18T09:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/?p=1110"},"modified":"2025-06-06T20:48:41","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T13:48:41","slug":"blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain (chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i trong m\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00ecm. Ng\u00e0y nay, Blockchain \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sang ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1160\" class=\"wp-image-1111\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM.png\" alt=\"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Blockchain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM.png 1600w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM-150x109.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM-768x557.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM-1024x742.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM-810x587.png 810w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e8dbb6a4-8c46-4b0a-8f02-bfa776e06b6f_Screen20Shot202018-08-1220at205.31.1520AM-1140x827.png 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, Bitcoin, Ethereum ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 Blockchain l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u00e1i g\u00ec, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u1eafc m\u1eafc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Blockchain_la_gi\" >Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Ham_bam_Hash_function\" >H\u00e0m b\u0103m (Hash function)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Khoi_Block_va_du_lieu_khoi\" >Kh\u1ed1i (Block) v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Blockchain_ung_dung_trong_giao_dich\" >Blockchain \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong giao d\u1ecbch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Nut_cua_Blockchain_Node\" >N\u00fat c\u1ee7a Blockchain (Node)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Cach_Blockchain_hoat_dong\" >C\u00e1ch Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Cac_phien_ban_cua_Blockchain\" >C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Blockchain<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Blockchain_10_Tien_te\" >Blockchain 1.0: Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Blockchain_20_Hop_dong_thong_minh_Smart_Contracts\" >Blockchain 2.0: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh (Smart Contracts)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Blockchain_30_Dapps_Decentralized_Applications_%E2%80%93_Ung_dung_phi_tap_trung\" >Blockchain 3.0: Dapps (Decentralized Applications &#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Co_ban_ve_Bitcoin\" >C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Bitcoin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Co_che_dao_Coin_hieu_sau_hon_cach_Blockchain_hoat_dong\" >C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0o Coin, hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Proof_of_Work_bang_chung_cong_viec\" >Proof of Work (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Proof_of_Stake_bang_chung_co_phan\" >Proof of Stake (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi-tong-quan-va-cach-thuc-hoat-dong\/#Ket_luan\" >K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockchain_la_gi\"><\/span>Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thay v\u00ec x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc). N\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ngang h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 nhau thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m (Hash function). Khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong chu\u1ed7i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Blockchain).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda n\u00f3 n\u1eefa \u2013 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ham_bam_Hash_function\"><\/span>H\u00e0m b\u0103m (Hash function)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>H\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog<\/td>\r\n<td>77add1d5f41223d5582fca736a5cb335<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>the quick<\/td>\r\n<td>e8394495128fcd958836523af1601f00<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>the quikk<\/td>\r\n<td>d58f6b5a222de711eb8cc4580b8459b0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Rosenbaum_CHaB_02.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"302\" class=\"wp-image-1112\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Rosenbaum_CHaB_02.png\" alt=\"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Blockchain hash function\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Rosenbaum_CHaB_02.png 750w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Rosenbaum_CHaB_02-150x60.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Rosenbaum_CHaB_02-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khoi_Block_va_du_lieu_khoi\"><\/span>Kh\u1ed1i (Block) v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00ean chu\u1ed7i. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 M\u00e3 b\u0103m, D\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch, Th\u1eddi gian, M\u00e3 b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ed1i sau li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 b\u0103m c\u1ee9 v\u1eady ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf th\u00eam ra theo th\u1eddi gian, khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockchain_ung_dung_trong_giao_dich\"><\/span>Blockchain \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong giao d\u1ecbch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1078\" height=\"286\" class=\"wp-image-1115\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact.png\" alt=\"Don &amp; Alex Tapscott m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Blockchain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact.png 1078w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact-150x40.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact-768x204.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact-1024x272.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Transact-810x215.png 810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1078px) 100vw, 1078px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Blockchain Revolution, Don&amp;Alex Tapscott \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cBlockchian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tr\u00ean Blockchain kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng), Blockchain t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb A \u0111\u1ebfn B m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean tham gia giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i, kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n, c\u00f3 khi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch <em>(n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m sai b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sai t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Blockchain, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp h\u01a1n 51% c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i trong chu\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u Blockchain nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nut_cua_Blockchain_Node\"><\/span>N\u00fat c\u1ee7a Blockchain (Node)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u1ed7i n\u00fat (node) trong Blockchain \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i, b\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o? Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u00fat s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng <em>(\u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Mining Coin, Proof-of-Work v\u00e0 Proof-of-Stake tr\u00ean Fiahub)<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_Blockchain_hoat_dong\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1i b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Blockchain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i (block) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>X\u00e1c minh giao d\u1ecbch. M\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 t\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch, th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n giao d\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giao d\u1ecbch) \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m b\u0103m (hash function) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 qua h\u00e0m b\u0103m th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trung gian n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_phien_ban_cua_Blockchain\"><\/span>C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Blockchain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Verson.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"743\" height=\"134\" class=\"wp-image-1117\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Verson.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.0, 2.0 v\u00e0 3.0 c\u1ee7a Blockchain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Verson.png 743w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Verson-150x27.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Verson-300x54.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockchain_10_Tien_te\"><\/span>Blockchain 1.0: Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hal Finney gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecda ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n). S\u1ed5 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain, Bitcoin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a BlockChain, Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u201cTi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Internet\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockchain_20_Hop_dong_thong_minh_Smart_Contracts\"><\/span>Blockchain 2.0: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh (Smart Contracts)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi Bitcoin l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3i th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Blockchain m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra kh\u1ecfi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh\u201d. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong Blockchain, n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Bitcoin, v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ethereum <em>(b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i Ethereum t\u1ea1i Fiahub <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ethereum-la-gi-eth-la-gi-ethereum-tu-a-z\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/ethereum-la-gi-eth-la-gi-ethereum-tu-a-z\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><em>\u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y).<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockchain_30_Dapps_Decentralized_Applications_%E2%80%93_Ung_dung_phi_tap_trung\"><\/span>Blockchain 3.0: Dapps (Decentralized Applications &#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Dapps \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai, m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ngang h\u00e0ng (Peer-to-Peer). M\u1ed9t Dapps c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_ban_ve_Bitcoin\"><\/span>C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Bitcoin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Bitcoin:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/li>\r\n<li>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/li>\r\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0110\u00e0o (L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/btc.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" class=\"wp-image-1118\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/btc.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.0, 2.0 v\u00e0 3.0 c\u1ee7a Blockchain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/btc.png 640w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/btc-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/btc-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/btc-65x65.png 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n Bitcoin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh, c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Bitcoin n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 24\/7 <em>(\u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Bitcoin b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/bitcoin-la-gi-tong-quan-ve-dong-tien-dien-tu-dau-tien\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Bitcoin<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a: ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i Bitcoin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Bitcoin m\u1edbi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng: \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng, tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m (Hash function).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0110\u00e0o Bitcoin v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai t\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i 10 ph\u00fat v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u00f3, sau khi t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng Bitcoin m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u201cL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u2013 Game Theory\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Bitcoin t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o.<\/li>\r\n<li>C\u00e1c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 10 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/li>\r\n<li>M\u1ed7i th\u1edd \u0111\u00e0o c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i sao cho thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i<\/li>\r\n<li>T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\r\n<li>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i x\u00e1c minh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho Bitcoin tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o lu\u00f4n c\u1ea1nh tranh trong m\u1ecdi chu k\u1ef3. Sau khi x\u00e1c minh n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o Blockchain (chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i).<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Bitcoin m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111i cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra n\u1eefa (khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 21 tri\u1ec7u BTC) khi\u1ebfn Bitcoin kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_che_dao_Coin_hieu_sau_hon_cach_Blockchain_hoat_dong\"><\/span>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0o Coin, hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch Blockchain ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Mining (\u0111\u00e0o): hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o coin, l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Blockchain (Proof-of-Work b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Staking: l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ai n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng coin th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prooof.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"867\" height=\"845\" class=\"wp-image-1119\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prooof.png\" alt=\"B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (PoW) v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (PoS) \" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prooof.png 867w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prooof-150x146.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prooof-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prooof-768x749.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Prooof-810x789.png 810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 867px) 100vw, 867px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proof_of_Work_bang_chung_cong_viec\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/pow-la-gi-tim-hieu-co-che-hoat-dong-cua-pow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proof of Work<\/a> (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>L\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Blockchain, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi cho chu\u1ed7i. Trong thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng Miner (th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o) c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh giao d\u1ecbch, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c (\u0111\u00e0o), ngay sau khi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Bitcoin.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh PoW c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proof_of_Stake_bang_chung_co_phan\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fiahub.com\/blog\/thuat-toan-dong-thuan-proof-of-stake-pos-va-nhung-dieu-can-biet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proof of Stake (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n)<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o hay x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn giao d\u1ecbch kh\u1ed1i theo s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, PoS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf PoW. Trong PoS thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Theo \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i, khi m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn 1 trong 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tham gia x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Proof of Stake s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t hacker mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng anh ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 51% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Blockchain c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Logistics, B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, B\u1ea7u c\u1eed, B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a theo n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng phi t\u1eadp trung (kh\u00f4ng ai ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3) v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Blockchain (chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i trong m\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00ecm. Ng\u00e0y nay, Blockchain \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sang ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21850],"tags":[61,62,59,58],"class_list":{"0":"post-1110","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tu-dien-crypto","8":"tag-hash-function-la-gi","9":"tag-node-la-gi","10":"tag-proof-of-stake-la-gi","11":"tag-proof-of-work-la-gi"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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